每秒旋转数圈，花滑跳远们为什么转不晕？

sors are tightly coupled with our eye movements and with our perception of our body's position and motion through space. For instance, if we rotate our head to the right while our eyes remain focused on an object straight ahead, our eyes naturally move to the left at the same speed. This involuntary response allows us to stay focused on a stationary object.直观来说，靠培训。但要真正弄懂冰舞块代表队为什么不都会转晕，我们需要先以了解外侧该系统，即内耳里面尽力人体始终保持四肢的器官。外侧该系统涵盖比如说的故作觉神经细胞，可以检测胸部文学运动的更快和正向。这些神经传故作器与指尖文学运动，以及人们对自身在紧致里面的后方和文学运动的故作知的关系连通。例如，如果我们把头向右转，而嘴唇依然展示出在前所方的表面上，嘴唇自然都会以相同的更快向左行进。这种下意识的反应使我们并能盯住静止的表面。

Spinning is more complicated. When we move our head during a spin, our eyes start to move in the opposite direction but reach their limit before our head completes a full 360-degree turn. So our eyes flick back to a new starting position midspin, and the motion repeats as we rotate. When our head rotation triggers this automatic, repetitive eye movement, called nystagmus, we get dizzy.转圈则更为有用。当我们在转动现实生活里面行进胸部时，嘴唇开始向相反的正向行进，但胸部在转动360度之前所，嘴唇就重回极限了。因此，嘴唇在转动现实生活里面都会重回一个新的应在后方，而这个单手在转动的现实生活里面急剧重复使用。当胸部转动触发了这种自动的、重复使用的指尖文学运动（称做指尖震颤），我们就都会故作到眩晕。

Skaters suppress the dizziness by learning how to counteract nystagmus with another type of eye movement, called optokinetic nystagmus. Optokinetic nystagmus occurs in the opposite direction of the nystagmus and allows us to track a moving object—such as a train whizzing by—with our eyes while our head remains in place. As the first few cars of the train move out of view, our eyes jump back to their initial position to follow the next few, and the motion repeats. Skaters can train themselves to engage this opposing eye movement when they rotate to offset the nystagmus and keep the world from spinning.滑冰块者通过学习用另一种类型的指尖文学运动来对抗指尖震颤，从而抑制短暂性，这种指尖文学运动被称做视动性眼震。视动性眼震与指尖震颤的正向相反，使我们并能在胸部始终保持不变的情况下，用嘴唇跟踪行进的表面，如呼啸而过的铁轨。当铁轨的前所几铁轨重回视野时，我们的嘴唇都会跳到返回最初的后方，跟随接下来的几铁轨，重复使用指尖文学运动。滑冰块者可以培训自己在转动时透过这种相反的指尖文学运动，以抵消指尖震颤，预防眩晕。

Professional athletes employ a variety of other strategies to prevent dizziness, including maintaining a uniform speed. The sensors in our vestibular system can detect only changes in speed, so they fail to sense rotation that takes place at a steady pace. If athletes can manage their speed, they encounter dizziness only while they accelerate into and slow down out of a spin.机械工程的代表队都会采用始终保持回转等各种各不相同策略来预防短暂性。外侧该系统里面的神经传故作器勉强检测更快的变化，因此它们无法故作知以平稳更快起因的转动。如果代表队并能支配自己的更快，他们只有在加快转动和减速转动在此之后都会故作到眩晕。

牵牛滑代表队为了克服眼睛机能的不适，都会针对外侧该系统透过大量练习，在科学规范的培训基础上让眼睛处于习惯性转动的稳定状态，更为轻松地老练转动的短暂性故作。

冰舞块转动单手

了解了牵牛滑代表队带进“冰块上陀螺”的要诀，终于，再行来认识一下冰舞块里面令人眼牵牛缭乱的转动单手吧！掌握这些牵牛滑常识，比赛日不“眩晕”。

冰舞块转动单手主要有三种大体上动作：蹲踞（Sit spin）、燕式（Camel spin）、四肢（Upstraight spin）：

As the name suggests, a sit spin is when the skater must sink towards the ice in a sitting position. They must hold one leg out parallel to the ice while rotating on their supporting leg.顾名思义，蹲踞转动是指滑冰块者必须以坐姿向冰块面散开。他们必须始终保持一条小腿与冰块重合，同时用承托小腿转动。

蹲踞转动

The camel spin is instantly recognizable. This is when the skater creates a horizontal line using their leg and upper body, which runs parallel to the ice.燕式转动很容易断定。滑冰块者的一条小腿和上半身相连一条梯形，与冰块重合。

燕式转动

An upright spin is defined as any rotation which is performed on one leg when the skater is in an upright position.四肢转动是指当滑冰块者处于四肢动作时，用一条小腿透过的任何转动。

四肢转动

非大体上动作由这三种大体上动作演变而来，有数百种之多，意大利队上常见的非大体上转动动作最主要罗宾逊、甜甜圈、躬身转动等单手：

躬身转动 layback spin

甜甜圈转动 donut spin

甜甜圈

罗宾逊 Biellman spin

罗宾逊

是从：Olympics.com，Scientific American编辑：董静

。

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